Final answer:
Roosevelt's policies had a mixed effect on women and African Americans in the 1930s. While women faced discrimination and were encouraged to stay home, there were also employment opportunities and relief programs specifically for them. African Americans experienced a shift in loyalty to the Democratic Party, but job opportunities and civil rights advancements were limited.
Step-by-step explanation:
The overall effect of Roosevelt's policies on women and African Americans in the 1930s was mixed. For women, there were both discriminatory practices and opportunities for advancement. While wage discrimination and relief policies encouraged women to stay home, there were also specific programs that hired women and provided relief for them. Many women supported Roosevelt's New Deal for its direct relief and employment opportunities for men.
For African Americans, there was a shift in loyalty from the Republican Party to the Democrats during this time. While Roosevelt showed tentative support for civil rights, he still deferred to the views of white Southerners, which resulted in racial segregation and limited job opportunities for Southern blacks. Despite these limitations, Roosevelt's administration was aware of the importance of race relations and civil rights at the federal level, and some advancements were made for African Americans.