Final answer:
Calcium is the most abundant mineral, found in both blood and bones. It is important for muscle contraction, blood coagulation, and nerve function. Too much or too little calcium can have negative effects on the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in both blood and bones. In the blood, about half of calcium is bound to proteins while the rest is in its ionized form (Ca²⁺). It is important for muscle contraction, blood coagulation, and nerve function. In bones, calcium provides hardness and stability, and it is also necessary for tooth health.
Too much calcium in the blood, known as hypercalcemia, can lead to lethargy, loss of appetite, and confusion. On the other hand, too little calcium, or hypocalcemia, can cause problems with blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and nerve functioning.
Calcium homeostasis is controlled by various systems in the body, including the skeletal, endocrine, digestive, and urinary systems. Hormones like parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin help regulate blood calcium levels.