Final Answer:
Adolescents' mental development progresses to the stage of abstract thinking, denoted by the ability to conceptualize ideas beyond the concrete. c. Abstract thinking
Step-by-step explanation:
Unlike children who primarily engage in fantasy play and operate with more tangible, literal concepts, adolescents demonstrate a cognitive shift toward abstract thought. This transition is characterized by the capacity to understand hypothetical scenarios, interpret symbols, and grasp complex, non-concrete concepts. Abstract thinking allows adolescents to consider multiple perspectives, engage in deductive reasoning, and navigate complex intellectual tasks, showcasing a more advanced cognitive stage compared to children.
Moreover, Piaget's theory of cognitive development highlights the progression from concrete operational thinking in childhood to formal operational thinking in adolescence. Concrete operational thought involves a reliance on concrete, tangible experiences, while formal operational thought signifies the ability to think abstractly, formulate hypotheses, and engage in systematic problem-solving.
Adolescents' cognitive abilities transcend the limitations of concrete ideas, enabling them to grapple with more complex and abstract mental tasks. Therefore, the selection of option c, abstract thinking, aligns with established developmental theories and the observable cognitive capabilities of adolescents, marking a crucial advancement from the cognitive processes of childhood.