Final answer:
The six clues in the walk and turn test are observed during subtests that check for balance and coordination issues, such as ataxia, by having the patient walk normally, perform a tandem gait, and walk on heels or toes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The six clues in the walk and turn test are part of a series of subtests designed to assess an individual's balance and coordination, which can be indicators of neurological functions or impairments such as ataxia. The initial subtest involves the patient walking normally away from the examiner, turning, and then walking back. The examiner observes for any abnormal foot placements or arm movements.
The patient may also be asked to perform tandem gait, where the heel of one foot is placed against the toe of the other as the patient walks in a straight line. Furthermore, the patient might walk only on their heels or only on their toes, which helps test additional aspects of balance and coordination.