Final answer:
Individuals require user accounts to log on to Windows 10 and use computer resources, while public keys, digital certificates, and IP addresses serve different purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
To log on to Windows 10 and use resources on the computer, individuals are generally required to have user accounts. A user account includes a username and a password that are set up for each individual to allow them access to the computer's operating system, programs, and files in a secure manner. Public keys and digital certificates are related to encryption and secure communication, primarily for secure internet transactions or secure email, but are not required for a user simply to log on to a local Windows 10 system. An IP address is necessary for network communications but is not directly relevant to the user authentication process for logging in to a computer system.