Question

What other nativist and revitalization movements swept through the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions prior to their culmination in Tecumseh's and Tenskwatawa's pan-Indian confederacy?

Answer 1

Nativist movements such as the Western Confederacy and the Miami Confederacy arose in the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions, challenging American expansion and calling for a return to native traditions prior to Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa's efforts.

Step-by-step explanation:

Prior to Tecumseh's and Tenskwatawa's pan-Indian confederacy, other significant nativist and revitalization movements took shape, including the formation of the Western Confederacy under Mohawk leader Joseph Brant following the American victory in the Revolutionary War.

The Western Confederacy, comprising various tribes, vehemently opposed American expansion into the Northwest. Additionally, tensions escalated in the mid-1780s as the Miami Confederacy or Northwest Confederacy was formed, comprising tribes like the Miami, Shawnee, Wyandot, Ojibwe, Lenape, and Kickapoo.

The Miami Confederacy declared the Ohio River as the boundary between American settlers and native lands, refusing to respect 'partial treaties.' This period was characterized by frequent skirmishes and growing hostilities, igniting the Northwest Indian War (1785-1795). Meanwhile, leaders such as Tenskwatawa called for a return to traditional ways and the rejection of American culture, laying the groundwork for Tecumseh's later unification efforts.