Final answer:
Female rank in non-human species is often determined by sexual dimorphism and the associated variance in reproductive success, as well as inherited status and intricate social hierarchies within their communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The determination of (non-human) female rank within species is commonly influenced by sexual dimorphism, which refers to the differences in size and appearance between males and females of the same species. In cases where females exhibit greater variance in reproductive success, they are often selected for larger body sizes and more elaborate traits, similar to what is observed in males of other species. Additionally, within social species, inherited rank and complex social structures can play a role. Aristocratic principles observed in human societies, such as those in historical East Asia, also highlight parallel aspects of rank determination based on inheritance, family status, and complex internal familial ranking systems.
For many species, the female rank is a product of a combination of biological factors and social structure. In hierarchical social systems, like those of primates, rank can be maternally inherited, where offspring inherit the social status of their mothers. Social behaviors and alliances can also impact an individual's rank. In some cases, females may assert dominance through aggressive behaviors, physical strength, or strategic alliances.