Final answer:
Risk determinants are unchangeable background characteristics that increase the likelihood of disease. Option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unchangeable background characteristics that increase the likelihood of disease, such as gender and genetics, are known as risk determinants. These risk determinants cannot be changed or avoided, but they should be considered when diagnosing, treating, and preventing noninfectious diseases in individuals.
Despite the unchangeability of some risk determinants, many noninfectious diseases are preventable through behavior modifications. An estimated 80 percent of cases of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, as well as 40 percent of cancer cases could potentially be avoided with healthier lifestyle choices. This demonstrates the significance of addressing both unmodifiable and modifiable risk factors to mitigate the burden of noninfectious diseases.