Final answer:
Buddhism encourages freeing oneself from desire to end suffering and achieve a state of tranquility, as explained by the Four Noble Truths.
Step-by-step explanation:
The philosophy that espouses the belief to free oneself from desire is Buddhism. According to the Buddha's teachings, the cause of human suffering is attachment to desires, which is articulated as the second of the four Noble Truths. It is asserted that suffering arises from this attachment to desires, and that the cessation of suffering (dukkha) occurs when attachment to these desires is relinquished. This is further elaborated in the third Noble Truth, which advocates the letting go of cravings as a path to enlightenment or nirvana.
Buddhism encourages followers to live a moral life that adheres to the 'middle way', which is a balanced approach avoiding the extremes of indulgence and self-denial. The ultimate goal for individuals is to achieve a state of tranquility and liberation, free from the turmoil of unfulfilled desires.