Final answer:
A closed circuit has an unbroken path for current to flow, an open circuit has a broken path which prevents current from flowing, and a short circuit is when a low-resistance path allows excessive current to flow, which can cause damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the study of electric circuits, understanding the differences between closed circuits, open circuits, and short circuits is essential. A closed circuit is one where the electrical path is unbroken, allowing current to flow through all the components, such as bulbs, resistors, and across a power source like a battery. An open circuit occurs when this path is interrupted; for example, when a switch is open or a wire is disconnected, preventing current from flowing. A short circuit, however, is a dangerous condition where a low-resistance pathway bypasses part of a circuit, leading to excessive current flow that can cause damage or present a fire and shock hazard.
In essence, a closed circuit is analogous to a complete loop that lets electrons flow and devices operate. An open circuit lacks continuity, resulting in no electron flow and non-operational devices. A short circuit creates an unintended low-resistance path, causing too much current to flow, which can lead to overheating and damage. Knowing the condition of a circuit is crucial for troubleshooting and ensuring the safety of an electrical system.