Final answer:
Orienting a map involves aligning the map with the actual cardinal directions, typically using a magnetic compass to find north. In the past, devices like sundials with compasses were used, and if in sunlight, the shadow could also help in orientation. Proper map orientation is essential for accurate navigation and linking to actual locations on the ground.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first step for a navigator in the field is orienting the map, which is the process of aligning the map with the actual cardinal directions in the environment. To orient a map, one would typically use a magnetic compass to find magnetic north. Once north has been established, the map should be turned so that its north arrow aligns with the compass needle indicating north. In the past, before the advent of magnetic compasses, navigators used devices like folding pocket sundials with embedded compasses. Additionally, in situations where clear sunlight is available, the shadow of the tip of the fin of a sundial can help determine the time. This precise orientation allows navigators to accurately read the map in relation to their surroundings and assess directions and distances.
Orienting a map is crucial because it allows navigators to link the locations depicted on the map to actual locations on the ground. Similar to how astronomers create a grid to map out celestial objects in the universe, mapmakers on Earth divide the surface into latitude and longitude coordinates, enabling precise location identification. By orienting a map correctly, navigators can ensure the reliability of the map's scale, symbols, and direction indicators when navigating the landscape.