Final answer:
The statement is true; Newton's second law of motion identifies a direct relationship between force and mass. Additionally, Newton's law of universal gravitation states that gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Newton determined that there is a direct relationship between force and mass is True. This relationship is concisely expressed in Newtons second law of motion, which states that the acceleration (a) of a system is directly proportional to the net external force (F) acting on the system, and inversely proportional to its mass (m), summarized by the formula F = ma. This means that for a given force, a larger mass will result in a smaller acceleration, and vice versa.
Regarding Newton's understanding of gravitational force, he concluded that it is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, as stated in the universal law of gravitation. This is often stated as the formula F = G(m1 x m2)/r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the distance between the centers of the two masses.