Final answer:
Treatment for RA starts with rest and physical therapy, progresses to anti-inflammatory medication and corticosteroids, and escalates to disease-modifying drugs or surgery if necessary. The step-up therapy approach tailors treatment intensity based on symptom progression and response to initial treatments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Management and Step-up Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder with no cure, but a variety of treatment options are available to manage its symptoms and slow its progression. The treatment plan for RA typically starts with non-pharmacological strategies such as rest and physical therapy. Joint splints and the use of a cane may be recommended to minimize inflammation in the early stages. As inflammation decreases, exercise is introduced to strengthen muscles around the joints and maintain flexibility. For more extensive joint damage, medications like anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, topical pain relievers, and corticosteroid injections may be used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. In cases of severe joint damage, surgery may be necessary. Advanced treatment options include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that target the autoimmune response, reducing damage to bones and cartilage.
In managing RA, the step-up approach involves starting with milder medications and only intensifying treatment if the disease continues to progress. The more potent DMARDs, such as methotrexate or newer biologic agents, are used if the response to initial therapies is insufficient. The goal of this step-up approach is to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and improve the overall quality of life for RA patients.