Final answer:
The term used to describe the pattern of effective environmental adaptation is 'B. competence', which plays a significant role in human development and behavior, influenced by both innate and learned behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe the pattern of effective adaptation to the environment one lives in is B. competence. Competence refers to an individual's ability to successfully adjust and adapt to their surroundings and to effectively handle the demands of the environment. In the context of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, feeling competent is considered a key developmental task during adolescence. Competence can be influenced by both innate behaviors and learned behaviors, with the latter playing a crucial role in humans, allowing for a dynamic response to environmental changes and cultural pressures. Situations like selective migration also highlight the emphasis on personal competence in choosing environments that match one's personality and needs.