Final answer:
Instructional supports or services that reduce barriers caused by a deficit or disability and provide equal opportunities for students with exceptional needs are called instructional supports or services.
Step-by-step explanation:
The supports and services necessary to access instruction or the learning environment for students with exceptional needs are called instructional supports or services. These supports and services aim to reduce barriers caused by a deficit or disability and provide equal opportunities for students with exceptional needs. These supports may include accommodations, modifications, assistive technology, specialized instruction, and individualized educational plans.