Final answer:
The theory based on the premise that human behavior and relationships are influenced by conscious and unconscious factors is known as psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud. It emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, including repressed memories and instinctual drives, in shaping personality and behavior. Methods like dream analysis are used to uncover unconscious content.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory you're referring to is psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud. This theory posits that human behavior and relationships are significantly influenced by the unconscious mind, encompassing repressed memories, desires, and feelings. Freud's psychoanalytic theory suggests that the unconscious includes instinctual drives like sex and aggression, which affect our overall personality and behavior.
Freud's model of the psyche was divided into three parts: the id, which is the reservoir of our primal instincts; the superego, which represents the moral compass influenced by societal norms; and the ego, which is conscious and deals with reality by trying to reconcile the demands of the id and the superego. Challenges like depression and anxiety, according to Freud, are often due to conflicts between these parts of the psyche. Freud applied methods like dream analysis and free association to explore the unconscious and aid in the treatment of mental afflictions.
Critiques of Freud's work from post-structuralist and feminist perspectives, the rise of the behavioral model, and the advent of humanistic psychology influenced by thinkers like Maslow and Rogers, offer alternative views on human behavior. Nevertheless, the psychoanalytic perspective remains a foundational concept in psychology, shaping how we understand internal and external factors that influence human psyche and behavior.