Final answer:
Psychology explores human behavior through various theories of motivation and emotion, discussing physiological, cognitive, and social influences on actions. It includes theories like the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer theories and considers the role of the limbic system in sexual behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of human behavior based on motivation and drives, along with the functional significance of emotions, is primarily part of Psychology. The theories that explore these fields include various perspectives that all aim to explain why humans act the way they do. Understanding human behavior involves looking at physiological needs, social experiences, evolutionary biology, and sociobiology, which provide a comprehensive picture of the incentives behind our actions.
Several theories like the James-Lange theory of emotion, which suggests emotions result from physiological arousal, the Cannon-Bard theory, which argues that emotional experience and physiological arousal happen simultaneously but independently, and the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory, which posits that emotions are a combination of physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal, have been proposed to explain our emotional responses to different stimuli.
Furthermore, the involvement of the hypothalamus and the limbic system is crucial in understanding sexual behavior and motivation. Researchers like Alfred Kinsey, William Masters, and Virginia Johnson have contributed greatly to the study of human sexuality through survey research and observational studies.