Final answer:
RNA, specifically mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and miRNA, plays critical roles in the process of assembling amino acids into proteins. mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA, rRNA forms the core of the ribosome's structure and function, tRNA carries specific amino acids for protein assembly, and miRNA regulates gene expression.
Step-by-step explanation:
RNA controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins. Each type of RNA molecule specializes in a different aspect of this job. The main types involved in protein synthesis include messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and microRNA (miRNA).
mRNA is responsible for carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome where proteins are synthesized. It is read in sets of three bases known as codons, which dictate the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
rRNA is a major component of ribosomes, playing a crucial role in the translation process by ensuring the correct alignment of mRNA and facilitating the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
tRNA serves as an adaptor molecule that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, aligning them according to the mRNA's codons to form the polypeptide chain. Lastly, miRNA plays a regulatory role, affecting the expression of genes by interacting with mRNAs.