Final answer:
The DNA molecule is kept within the nucleus, while RNA travels to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. The messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes. There, rRNA aids in translating the message and tRNA helps assemble the proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The DNA molecule stays safely in the cell's nucleus, while RNA molecules go to the protein-building sites in the cytoplasm-the ribosomes.
DNA contains the genetic instructions necessary to create proteins but cannot leave the nucleus. Instead, DNA relies on messenger RNA (mRNA), which is synthesized during a process known as transcription. mRNA carries the information from DNA to the ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The mRNA moves through the nuclear pores and reaches the ribosomes, where translation occurs, turning the genetic information into a functional protein.
There are three main types of RNA involved in this process: mRNA (messenger RNA), which carries the instructions; rRNA (ribosomal RNA), which is a component of ribosomes; and tRNA (transfer RNA), which helps assemble amino acids into proteins.