Final answer:
tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome guided by codons on mRNA during protein synthesis, ensuring the amino acids are arranged correctly to form a protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a protein is built, a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by the coded messages in mRNA (messenger RNA). tRNA reads the mRNA's codons and brings the corresponding amino acids to synthesize a polypeptide chain. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and an anticodon that pairs with a codon on the mRNA, ensuring accurate protein synthesis.
Moreover, tRNA molecules are versatile, with certain tRNAs recognizing multiple codons due to 'wobbling'. Ribosomes aided by ribosomal RNA (rRNA) facilitate the proper alignment of mRNA and the addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain.