Final answer:
Coping efforts are influenced by variables such as coping styles (problem-focused and emotion-focused), perceived control over stressors, and the availability of social support. All of these components are crucial for effectively managing stress and the emotional responses associated with it.
Step-by-step explanation:
Variables that influence coping efforts are numerous, yet central to these are coping styles, perceived control, and the availability of social support. Coping styles can be divided into two categories: problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. The former involves strategies intended to address the stressor directly, such as planning, problem-solving, and seeking assistance. An example of this would be a student improving study habits to better manage academic stress. On the other hand, emotion-focused coping aims to alleviate the emotional distress associated with the stressor and might include activities like watching a movie or engaging in hobbies to divert one's attention from the stress.
Perceived control plays a significant role in one's reaction to stress. When individuals believe they have control over a situation, they are more likely to engage in problem-focused coping. Conversely, when a stressor is perceived as uncontrollable, emotion-focused coping is more commonly employed to manage the emotional response. Lastly, social support acts as a buffer against stress, providing emotional, informational, or practical assistance that can help individuals cope more effectively.