Final answer:
Learning a second language activates Broca's area, which is associated with speech production, and Wernicke's area, related to language comprehension, both primarily located in the left hemisphere of the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Learning a second language primarily activates two critical regions in the brain, both of which are essential for language function. These two areas are Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is involved in the production of speech and is associated with expressive aphasia, where speech production is hindered, leading to non-fluent, broken speech. On the other hand, Wernicke's area is associated with the comprehension of language and is linked to receptive aphasia, which is characterized by difficulties in understanding content. Both are most commonly found in the left hemisphere of the human brain, reflecting the lateralization of brain functions associated with language.
Given the options provided: A. Occipital lobe, B. Broca's area, C. Angular gyrus, and D. Wernicke's area, learning a second language would utilize B. Broca's area for speech production and D. Wernicke's area for language comprehension. The correct answers are B. Broca's area and D. Wernicke's area.