Final answer:
The Rough Riders, led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, were the American volunteer cavalry unit that successfully charged San Juan Hill in Cuba. Their victory, aided significantly by African American regiments, marked a turning point in the war and Roosevelt's rise to national fame.
Step-by-step explanation:
The American volunteer cavalry unit that attacked San Juan Hill in Cuba and won was famously led by Theodore Roosevelt and known as the Rough Riders. This unit was composed of a diverse group of men, including college graduates, cowboys, and veterans.
The Rough Riders, alongside several African American regiments, played a pivotal role in the victory over Spanish forces during the Spanish-American War. Although the Rough Riders received much public recognition, the African American regiments' instrumental contributions at San Juan Hill were largely overlooked in the aftermath of the war, despite their bravery and critical support.
The Battle of San Juan Hill was the most significant land battle of this conflict and is noted not only for its military importance but also for the role it played in elevating Theodore Roosevelt's national stature. The combined efforts of both the Rough Riders and the overlooked African American soldiers were crucial to this American triumph, which marked a turning point for United States foreign policy and military history.