Final answer:
Sensationalist reporting, characterized by exaggerated or fabricated news, is known as yellow journalism. It was widely used by newspaper magnates like Hearst and Pulitzer near the end of the 19th century to sell newspapers and influence public opinion, especially during the Spanish-American War.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sensationalist reporting, in which reporters exaggerate or make up stories, is referred to as yellow journalism. This style of journalism emerged at the end of the 19th century, characterized by the use of misleading or exaggerated stories, eye-catching headlines, and little to no reliable evidence. Media moguls like William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were known for adopting this approach to sell newspapers and influence public perception, often leading to significant events such as the Spanish-American War. The aim was to engage readers emotionally and potentially sway public opinion through dramatic and scandalous stories, rather than to inform with objective content.
Yellow journalism often focuses on stirring up emotions through sensational stories rather than presenting well-researched facts. Although the term originated in the late 1800s, the practice continues in various forms today, resembling the modern concepts of click-bait and fake news. It had a considerable impact on society and politics by reinforcing existing ideologies and sensationalizing events such as the naval arms race that led up to World War I and coverage of imperialism.