Final answer:
Paul's first missionary journey was primarily in the eastern Mediterranean and focused on Jewish communities, establishing several churches. His second journey expanded into Europe, reaching cities with less familiarity with Judaism, confronting Greco-Roman culture, and establishing churches in major urban centers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to Paul's first and second missionary journeys and how they differed. Paul's first missionary journey mostly involved the eastern part of the Mediterranean, including Cyprus and southern Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), where he established several churches. During this journey, he mostly visited Jewish diaspora communities but also began spreading the message to non-Jewish communities.
Paul's second missionary journey took him further afield, reaching into Europe. This was a significant expansion because, while the first journey solidified Christian communities in areas that were aware of the Jewish tradition out of which Christianity grew, the second journey involved spreading Christianity to regions with less familiarity with Judaism, like Philippi, Thessalonica, Corinth, and eventually Athens. On this journey, he engaged more directly with the Greco-Roman culture and confronted philosophical traditions of the time, establishing churches in major urban centers that would become key to the spread of Christianity.