Final answer:
The serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the body wall or chamber is known as the parietal layer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The portion of a serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the body wall or chamber is called the parietal layer. Serous membranes are double-layered structures with a parietal and visceral layer, separated by a fluid-filled serous cavity. The parietal layer lines the body walls, whereas the visceral layer covers the organs. These membranes including the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium serve to reduce friction and prevent inflammation of the organs they encase by lubricating them with serous fluid.