Final answer:
Under El Niño conditions, Pacific Ocean water temperatures increase, which can lead to extreme weather, disrupted marine life, and various global economic impacts. These conditions are often associated with more intense rainfall and heat-related events.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under El Niño conditions, Pacific Ocean water temperatures increase. This warming of the ocean water in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific leads to significant global changes in weather patterns, such as high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the eastern Pacific.
These changes can increase the chance of extreme weather events, disrupt marine populations, and affect global economies, especially those reliant on farming and fishing. Additionally, El Niño often leads to more intense precipitation events, jeopardizing regions with potential flooding and affecting water supplies. Consequently, during an El Niño event, we can also expect a rise in heat-related issues like wildfires and smog due to poorer air quality.