Final answer:
A rawinsonde is an instrument that measures atmospheric variables, including wind speed and wind direction. It uses sensors and measures changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature to determine wind speed and direction.
Step-by-step explanation:
A rawinsonde is an instrument used to measure and record atmospheric variables, including wind speed and wind direction. It is typically launched into the atmosphere using a weather balloon and contains sensors that transmit data back to ground-based receivers. The rawinsonde measures the wind speed and direction by measuring the changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature as it ascends through the atmosphere.
For wind speed, the rawinsonde calculates the wind speed by tracking the time it takes for the balloon to ascend to specific altitudes and measuring the pressure difference at those altitudes. The wind direction is determined by tracking the angle at which the balloon drifts with respect to the ground.