Final answer:
The processes of natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation violate the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Step-by-step explanation:
The assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium are violated by the processes of natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation.
Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time due to their effect on survivorship and reproduction. This means that certain alleles may be favored or disfavored, leading to a change in allele frequencies and violating the assumption of equal fitness for all variations.
Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies that can occur in small populations. These changes are not necessarily based on natural selection and can result in the loss or fixation of certain alleles, violating the assumption that allele frequencies remain constant over time.
Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population. New alleles can arise through mutations, and if these mutations confer a selective advantage, they can increase in frequency over time. This violates the assumption of no new genetic variation in a population. a