Final answer:
Nonliving reservoirs of infectious diseases include soil, water, and air, which harbor and assist in the transmission of pathogens. Improving sanitation and handling of human feces are critical to preventing the spread of many waterborne diseases. Option A,B, C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major nonliving reservoirs of infectious diseases include soil, water, and air. These elements play crucial roles in the transmission cycles of various pathogens. Soil can harbor bacteria like Clostridium tetani, which causes tetanus. Water is a vector for pathogens that cause diseases such as cholera and infantile diarrhoea.
Air can transmit respiratory viruses and other airborne pathogens. However, vaccines and food are not considered nonliving reservoirs of diseases, but they can be vehicles for disease transmission if contaminated.
Human feces are a significant source of pathogens and when they contaminate water or soil, can cause diseases like dysentery and infantile diarrhoea. Addressing ecological degradation, practicing good sanitation, and responsible use of antimicrobials are vital steps in reducing disease spread.
For example, improving the quality of water resources and ensuring proper disposal of human feces can prevent the transmission of many waterborne diseases. So Option A, B, C.