Final answer:
Robert Selman's discovery of changes in perspective taking in children from 3 to adolescence is related to the development of theory-of-mind. Perspective taking abilities develop from a basic understanding of others' thoughts and feelings in early childhood to increased cognitive empathy in adolescence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The changes in perspective taking discovered by Robert Selman in children from 3 to adolescence can be understood in terms of the development of theory-of-mind (TOM). In early childhood (around 3 to 5 years old), children begin to understand that others have thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that are different from their own. This allows them to take on the perspective of others and engage in tasks such as teasing or understanding why someone might be angry.
As children enter adolescence, their perspective taking abilities continue to develop. They start to show an increase in cognitive empathy, which is the ability to take the perspective of others and feel concern for them. This is an important component of social problem solving and conflict avoidance.
This development of perspective taking from early childhood to adolescence contributes to the formation of a stronger sense of self and the ability to navigate social interactions with others.