Final answer:
Hosni Mubarak was the 4th President of Egypt from 1981 until he resigned in 2011 due to public uprisings. His nearly thirty-year rule ended following massive protests that were part of the Arab Spring.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 4th President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 was Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak assumed the presidency following the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981. His presidency was characterized by elections in which Mubarak was often the sole candidate, leading to a regime that lasted nearly thirty years. In early 2011, the public's outcry against political oppression and demand for democratic reforms culminated in massive street protests, especially in Cairo, which eventually forced Mubarak to resign on February 11, 2011, amidst the wider Arab Spring movement.
After Mubarak's resignation, Egypt underwent a period of transition that included the first multi-candidate election within a year, marking a significant change in the nation's political landscape after decades of Mubarak's rule.