Final answer:
The true statement is that renal tubular cells are often polyhedral and have an eccentric round nucleus. This reflects their unique shape and structure which helps identify them in urine sediment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement regarding cells found in urinary sediment that is true is: Renal tubular cells are often polyhedral and have an eccentric round nucleus. This aligns with the microscopic anatomy described in nephrology, where renal tubular cells have distinctive shapes that aid in their identification during microscopic examination of urinary sediment. They are a common finding in urine sediments and can indicate renal tubular damage when found in large numbers.
Transitional cells in the urinary bladder are known to change in size and configuration as the bladder fills and empties, but they do not specifically resist swelling in hypotonic urine. Trichomonads are protozoans that do possess a prominent nucleus but typically have multiple flagella, not a single anterior flagellum. Lastly, while clumps of bacteria can sometimes be confused with other elements in urine sediment, they are generally not mistaken for blood casts, which have a distinctive shape and composition.