Final answer:
The goal of comparison testing, evaluation, and interpretation of the evidence is to establish its probative value and relevance to the matter at issue in a trial, which could be criminal or civil. In science, similar processes are used to test hypotheses with measurable results. New evidence can change previously established conclusions in both fields.
Step-by-step explanation:
The goal when performing comparison testing, evaluation, and interpretation of the evidence is D. To establish the probative value and relevance of the evidence. This process is crucial in both criminal and civil trials. It involves carefully examining evidence to determine its ability to contribute to proving a matter at issue in the trial. In the context of a criminal trial, the prosecution must demonstrate that the evidence is convincing beyond a reasonable doubt, not just suggesting potential guilt, but establishing it to such a degree that there is no logical basis for questioning the defendant's guilt. In civil trials, the standard is slightly different; the evidence must tip the scales in favor of the plaintiff, who must prove the case beyond a preponderance of the evidence. Thus, the evidence's significance and its link to the case at hand are critically assessed.
For scientists, evaluation and interpretation of evidence follow similar principles. Their goal is to test hypotheses and theories by collecting evidence through experiments. This evidence must provide measurable results that can either support or disprove the hypothesis. Often, this process is akin to a detective's work, where evidence is gathered to construct a convincing narrative of events that is accepted by peers and respected scientific publications. In both the judicial system and the scientific community, new evidence can lead to a revision of previously held beliefs or hypotheses.