Final answer:
The required properties for the solution used in packaging procured heart valves are isotonic and sterile to ensure red blood cells do not undergo hemolysis and to maintain an aseptic environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two properties required for the solution used for rinsing and packaging procured heart valves are isotonic and sterile. An isotonic solution, such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution, maintains the same osmolarity as blood serum, preventing red blood cells from swelling or shrinking. A sterile solution is free of any living microorganisms, ensuring that the procedure is safe and devoid of infection risks.
It is important for intravenous solutions to be isotonic to prevent hemolysis of red blood cells, a condition where they rupture due to an imbalance of osmotic pressure across their semi-permeable membrane. This is also true for solutions used in medical procedures outside of injections, like the preparation of organ tissues for transplantation. The temperature of the solution is not as critical in this context as its tonicity and sterility, but cold temperatures can be employed to preserve tissue viability.