Final answer:
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple tissue types, leading to deferral of certain tissue donations like heart valves per AATB standards to avoid immune reactions and rejection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the immune system erroneously attacking the individual's own DNA and proteins. This can lead to dysfunction in various organs throughout the body. In the context of AATB (American Association of Tissue Banks) standards and tissue donation, it is crucial to know which tissues may be affected by this condition and thereby need to be deferred for transplantation.
According to AATB standards, the recipient's immune system would recognize the donated tissue's antigens as foreign if the donor had an autoimmune disease like SLE. This would likely lead to rejection. Such concerns mostly focus on vascular tissues as they contain significant amounts of immune complexes that can prompt immune reactions. However, among the options listed, such as the femoral artery, Achilles tendon, heart valves, and skin, it is essential to note that there are specific recommendations regarding each tissue type.
For instance, heart valves (option c) are highly vascular tissues and may be affected by immune complex deposition in SLE, which can lead to an increased risk of inflammation and rejection. Therefore, heart valves must be deferred in the case of a donor with systemic lupus. However, each tissue type requires a thorough assessment since SLE can affect multiple organ systems like cardiovascular, muscular, skeletal, integumentary, respiratory, and renal systems due to type III hypersensitivity.
In the case of a donor with systemic lupus, heart valves (option c) must be deferred according to AATB standards due to the high risk of immune reactions and potential rejection in the recipient.