Final answer:
A hypertensive crisis is a dangerous condition where blood pressure soars to critical levels over 180 systolic or 120 diastolic mm Hg, potentially causing symptoms like severe headaches, chest heaviness, and shortness of breath, and may lead to life-threatening complications without immediate medical intervention.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. Blood pressure readings above 180 systolic or above 120 diastolic mm Hg indicate a hypertensive crisis and require immediate medical attention. Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive crisis may include severe headaches, severe anxiety, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, and a feeling of heaviness in the chest, possibly with sweating and severe palpitations.
If the blood pressure is not quickly brought under control, it can lead to serious complications like hypertensive retinopathy, myocardial infarction, heart failure, nephropathy, stroke, confusion, headache, and convulsion. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it typically does not cause symptoms until significant damage has occurred. Preventive measures and adherence to treatment are critical to managing hypertension and preventing a crisis.