Final answer:
Implied powers are logical extensions of expressed powers, while expressed powers are specifically listed in the Constitution. Concurrent powers are possessed by both state and national governments, police powers are reserved to the state government, and reserved powers are not specifically granted to the national government.
Step-by-step explanation:
Implied Powers: The national government possesses these powers, which are logical extensions of the expressed powers. They originate from the “elastic clause” in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. Examples include the power to prohibit racial discrimination on transportation and the power to regulate interstate commerce.
Expressed Powers: These powers are specifically listed in the Constitution. They grant certain powers to Congress and the president. An example is the power to declare war.
Concurrent Powers: These powers are possessed by both the state and national governments. Examples include the power to tax and the power to establish courts.
Police Powers: These powers are reserved to the state government. They allow the state to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens. Examples include the power to license professionals and regulate land use.
Reserved Powers: These powers are derived from the Tenth Amendment and are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states. Examples include the power to establish and regulate public schools and the power to conduct elections.