Final answer:
Interference in memory occurs when one memory competes with another and comes in two forms: proactive and retroactive. Encoding methods include automatic processing, which happens without conscious effort, and effortful processing, which requires attention. Lack of effortful processing can lead to encoding failure, resulting in weaker memory traces.
Step-by-step explanation:
Compare and Contrast the Two Types of Interference and Encoding Methods
Interference is a phenomenon in memory where one set of information overlaps or competes with another, causing memory errors. There are two primary types of interference: proactive interference and retroactive interference. Proactive interference occurs when older memories inhibit the ability to remember newer information, while retroactive interference happens when more recent information interferes with the retrieval of older memories.
Encoding information can happen in two significant ways: automatic processing and effortful processing. Automatic processing occurs without conscious effort, mostly concerning information about time, space, frequency, and well-learned information such as word meanings. In contrast, effortful processing requires conscious effort and attention, typically applied when learning new information or when trying to understand complex material.
Without effortful processing, you might experience encoding failure, where the brain does not create a strong memory trace. This could happen if you attempt to learn something while distracted or not fully engaged.