Final answer:
The variables that are measured in an experiment to see how they are affected by changes in another variable are called dependent variables or outcome variables.
Step-by-step explanation:
The variables whose value is measured to determine the extent of the effect of another variable in an experiment are called dependent variables. These variables are also referred to as outcome variables. They are expected to change as a function of another variable called the independent or manipulated variable.
An experiment is designed to assess the relationship between these two types of variables: the independent variable, which is controlled or changed by the experimenter to study effects, and the dependent variable, which is what is being measured in response to manipulations of the independent variable.