Final answer:
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark case that challenged the principle of "separate but equal" in public schools and led to their desegregation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark case that challenged the principle of "separate but equal" established by Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. The case argued that segregated public schools were not "equal" and thus violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racially segregated public schools were inherently unequal, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and paving the way for desegregation of schools nationwide.