Final answer:
Violations of the HPA by entities subject to federal regulators can result in penalties such as fines, bans on lobbying, and prison sentences. OSHA may issue citations and fines to employers for violations of their standards. Employers and workers have rights to contest the citations and penalties.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the case of violations of the HPA by entities subject to federal regulators, penalties can include fines, bans on lobbying, and even prison sentences for both lobbyists and government officials. Violations of lobbying regulations can result in criminal charges, and the severity of the penalties depends on the specific violation and its impact. The enforcement of these penalties is carried out by attorneys general and prosecutors responsible for overseeing lobbying activities.
Similarly, in the case of violations of OSHA standards or serious hazards, OSHA may issue citations and fines to employers. The fines imposed by OSHA range from $7,000 for a serious violation to $70,000 for a repeat or willful violation. OSHA takes into consideration factors such as the gravity of the violation, the size of the employer's business, their good faith, and previous violations in determining the amount of the proposed penalty.
Employers have the right to contest the citations and their penalties, while workers can challenge the deadline by which a problem must be resolved. Appeals of citations are heard by the independent Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC).