Final answer:
Individuals interested in the study of human proportion include ancient Greeks like Polykleitos and Renaissance figures like Leonardo da Vinci. They explored the concept of ideal body proportions using mathematical ratios, influencing art and sculpture across cultures and eras.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of human proportion has fascinated many individuals throughout history, including famous figures like the Greek sculptor Polykleitos, who in the 5th century BCE developed mathematical rules for sculpting the human form to achieve lifelike and aesthetically pleasing proportions. The concept of a canon of proportions has its roots in both ancient Greek and Egyptian cultures, with later advancements by Renaissance figures such as Leonardo da Vinci and his iconic Vitruvian Man drawing, which was intended to demonstrate the ideal human body proportions. Moreover, Renaissance artists perfected the representation of the human body in the 2D space through understanding of anatomical dissection and perspective, translating it into mathematical terms to create realistic, proportionate artworks.
Renaissance artists and architects also eloquently employed mathematical strategies to trick the eye and encapsulate the essence of physical reality in their works, whether in sculptures or architectural design, by harmoniously aligning the proportion and perspective. Additionally, the Hellenistic period of ancient Greek art is noted for new canons of proportions that elicited a heightened emotional connection through sculpture, as articulated by Dr. Harris and Dr. Zucker in their discussion of the era's artistic achievements.