Final answer:
Colder cloud tops shown on infrared satellite imagery are usually located at higher altitudes and indicate thicker clouds. These are detectable due to the thermal emission-capturing capabilities of infrared telescopes, which are optimized when sensors are kept at low temperatures. The correct answer is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
On infrared satellite imagery, colder cloud tops are typically located at higher altitudes. This is because as clouds ascend in the atmosphere, the temperature drops, and hence, the clouds at higher altitudes are colder. These colder cloud tops, visible on infrared imagery, are indicative of thicker clouds, which are often associated with stronger storm systems or more intense weather patterns. Thicker clouds can hold more water and ice, which can reach and maintain lower temperatures at higher elevations.
The very nature of infrared telescopes, whether airborne or space-based, is focused on capturing thermal emissions. The sensors need to be at low temperatures to prevent self-generated heat from interfering with the observation of cold cosmic bodies. This technology allows scientists to understand atmospheric conditions, such as cloud structure and dynamics on Earth and other planets, significantly enhancing the study of meteorology and climatology.