Final answer:
The Dutch artist and mathematician known for creating the lithograph 'Waterfall' is M.C. Escher, a notable figure for his work incorporating mathematical concepts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Dutch artist and mathematician who produced the lithograph titled Waterfall is M.C. Escher. Escher was not only an artist but also had a keen interest in mathematics, which is evident in his work that features impossible constructions, explorations of infinity, reflection, symmetry, and tessellations. Although Escher is not mentioned in the reference information provided, he is the correct answer to this question.