Final answer:
To create the illusion of three-dimension or depth in art, techniques such as perspective, light and shadow, trompe l'oeil, and depth cues are used. Perspective includes using converging lines to a vanishing point. Monocular and binocular cues play roles in depth perception, both in art and in modern 3-D movies.
Step-by-step explanation:
To create the illusion of three-dimension or depth in art, there are various techniques that can be used within two-dimensional spaces. During the Italian Renaissance, artists were particularly focused on achieving this effect to give their works a convincing sense of spatial depth.
The illusion of depth can make a painting or drawing feel more dynamic and real, as if the viewer could step right into the scene.
One technique to create depth is perspective, where lines converge at a vanishing point to give the illusion that objects are receding into the distance. Another important method is the use of light and shadow, which provides cues about the form and dimension of objects.
Trompe l'oeil is another artistic trick, where the depicted objects are painted with such detail and shading that they seem to be three-dimensional and might 'trick the eye' into thinking they are real.
Artists can also manipulate depth perception using depth cues.
There are monocular cues (requiring one eye) such as size, overlay, and texture gradient, which allow for depth perception even when viewing a scene with one eye. Binocular cues (requiring two eyes), like binocular disparity, give our brain slightly different images from each eye which are combined to perceive depth.
In modern technology, this concept is utilized in creating 3-D movies, where viewers wear special glasses that filter disparate images to each eye, creating the immersive experience of three-dimensionality on a flat screen.