Final answer:
The correct answer is 'Voluntary' indicating that guidelines for flying model airplanes were suggested rather than legally enforced, paralleling changes in the aviation industry after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question "Aviation authorities at one time issued ______ guidelines for hobbyists flying model airplanes, but in the absence of definitive laws, some individuals have chosen to ignore the recommendations." is c. Voluntary. The term 'voluntary' indicates that compliance with the guidelines was not enforced by law, but rather recommended as a matter of personal or public responsibility. This reflects a similar shift in the aviation industry itself when, in 1978, the Airline Deregulation Act removed government control over airfares and schedules, leading to a dramatic change in the industry - including the bankruptcy and disappearance of established airlines such as Pan American, Eastern, and Braniff, as well as the fleeting success of new ones like People Express.