Final answer:
The intestine, gallbladder, and urinary bladder are located in and around the peritoneal cavity, with the intestine and gallbladder being intraperitoneal and parts of the bladder being retroperitoneal. The gallbladder concentrates and releases bile, while the ureters transport urine to the bladder. Peritonitis can occur if any of these organs leak their contents into the surrounding cavity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The intestine, gallbladder, and urinary bladder are organs that are considered to have specific locations in terms of their relation to the peritoneal cavity in the human body. The retroperitoneal space refers to the area outside the peritoneal cavity - for example, the location of the kidneys and ureters which lie between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall. The ureters, which are completely retroperitoneal, carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, which is partially covered by peritoneum only over its dome. The oblique entry of the ureters into the bladder wall prevents backflow of urine, a mechanism important for preventing vesicoureteral reflux.
The gallbladder is attached to the liver and is enveloped by visceral peritoneum. It stores and concentrates bile, which is released into the small intestine via the cystic duct. Surrounding visceral peritoneum allows innervation and supply with blood vessels. The gallbladder's mucosa and the muscular coat play vital roles in bile concentration and ejection.
Spillage of the contents from these organs into the peritoneal cavity can occur in medical conditions such as peritonitis. This is often a serious medical condition requiring emergency intervention. For example, if the gallbladder were to leak bile, or if the intestine were perforated, it could lead to chemical peritonitis with potential for severe inflammation and infection.