Final answer:
The three levels on which medicalization can occur are epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, altering how behaviors are perceived and treated in society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three distinct levels on which medicalization can occur are the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. This is a comprehensive framework for understanding the major findings in the field, based on the work of sociologists Conrad and Barker (2010). Medicalization refers to the process of labeling behaviors or conditions once seen as normal or 'bad' as medical issues, therein changing society's perception and management of them. An important aspect of medicalization is the cultural meaning of illness, which dictates how society views different ailments, affecting whether they're stigmatized or not, considered disabilities, or even recognized by medical professionals.