Final answer:
Central diabetes insipidus is caused by the insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland, leading to excessive urine production and potential dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland causes central diabetes insipidus. ADH, also called vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and then released into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. Its primary function is to conserve the body's water by reducing the amount excreted in the urine, a process accomplished by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney's collecting ducts.
When ADH levels are insufficient, the kidneys fail to reabsorb needed water, leading to large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst. If left untreated, this condition can result in severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.